A programming language describes the same for computations, so there is a close analogy between protocols and programming languages: protocols are to communication what programming languages are to computations. To reach an agreement, a protocol may be developed into a technical standard. Communication protocols have to be agreed upon by the parties involved. The specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. Each message has an exact meaning intended to elicit a response from a range of possible responses pre-determined for that particular situation. Ĭommunicating systems use well-defined formats for exchanging various messages. Protocols may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of both. The protocol defines the rules, syntax, semantics and synchronization of communication and possible error recovery methods. If two different devices are connected but there is no protocol among them, there would not be any kind of communication between those two devices.System for exchanging messages between computing systemsĪ communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity. In simple terms, the protocol is a set of rules that govern data communication. To govern data communications, various sets of rules had been already designed by the designers of the communication systems, which represent a kind of agreement between communicating devices. Transmission medium could be guided (with wires) or unguided (without wires), for example, twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, radio waves, microwaves, etc. It is physical path by which data or message travels from sender to receiver. In entire process of data communication, there must be something which could act as a bridge between sender and receiver, Transmission medium plays that part. Same as sender, receiver can also be in form of a computer, telephone mobile, workstation, etc. It is destination where finally message sent by source has arrived. The device could be in form of a computer, mobile, telephone, laptop, video camera, or a workstation, etc. It is simple a device that sends data message. Sender plays part of a source in data communication system. To transfer message from source to destination, someone must be there who will play role of a source. A message could be in any form, it may be in form of a text file, an audio file, a video file, etc. The message simply refers to data or piece of information which is to be communicated. This is most useful asset of a data communication system. Network Devices (Hub, Repeater, Bridge, Switch, Router, Gateways and Brouter).Types of DNS Attacks and Tactics for Security.Address Resolution in DNS (Domain Name Server).Domain Name System (DNS) in Application Layer.Types of area networks – LAN, MAN and WAN.Differences between Virtual Circuits and Datagram Networks.Introduction to basic Networking Terminology.Difference between Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast in Computer Network.Computer Networks | IP Addressing | Question 5.Computer Networks | IP Addressing | Question 8.Computer Networks | IP Addressing | Question 2.
Computer Networks | Network Layer | Question 1.Computer Networks | Network Layer | Question 2.Transmission Modes in Computer Networks (Simplex, Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex).
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